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"Indonesian is the cutest language because every word ends with 'nya'."

-nya (/ɲa/) is an enclitic — that is, something functionally similar to a suffix, but can be classified as its own word — in the Indonesian language. It has various functions, such as

1. substituting second- and third-person pronouns This works for the genitive and accusative forms of pronouns, i.e., you can see it replace his or him, but not he. This -nya can be attached to many types of words, like nouns, verbs, adjectives, and prepositions. You can see this in sentences like: • Bapak punya uang. Uangnya banyak. ('Dad has money. His money's plentiful.') • Halo, namanya siapa? ('Hello, what's your name?') → In Indonesian, who is used when asking for names. • Aku memberikan mobil aku kepadanya. ('I gave my car to them.') • Pasha membelikannya nasi. ('Pasha bought him rice.')

2. to refer to something that is known or was mentioned prior This…

If you've read my previous post, forget everything you've read. Nobody actually speaks Indonesian like that. Welcome to informal spoken Indonesian, particularly the one colloquially spoken in South Jakarta. The syntax in spoken Indonesian is way freer than written Indonesian, but it emphasizes a topic–comment syntax structure like Japanese and Korean. You Indonesian speakers probably never even noticed that we have this feature.

What is a Topic?

You're probably wondering what a topic and comment are. Unlike a subject, the topic of a sentence serves to change the… topic, or theme of a conversation. There are two components at play: the topic and the comment — the topic is the one being introduced into the conversation, and the comment is what's being said about the topic. In natural languages, the topic of a sentence tends to get placed in front. A lot of the time, topics and subjects serve the…

Indonesian is an agglutinative (i.e. the language's affixes usually only represent one morpheme) and somewhat isolating (i.e. has a close-to-one morpheme-to-word ratio) language that exists as a variety of Malay, which came to be in 1928.

Nominal Phrases

Cardinals are placed before nouns. Noun labels are usually placed after the main noun. Adjectives, possessors, and determiners are also placed after nouns.

satu buku cerita biru-ku itu

one book story blue-I that

"that one blue storybook of mine"

Long time no see! Just wanted to let you guys know about the new Desktop site design overhaul 😉

An ellipse is a stretched-out circle. It's not just any stretched-out circle though; an ellipse is not an oval, not an egg, not a lemon, not a squircle, nor a capsule. To make an ellipse out of a circle, it must be stretched by a consistent factor.

The red curve above is what's known as an ellipse.

An ellipse has two quantities that are unique from a circle, namely its focal points, and its major and minor axes. The two focal points of an ellipse have a property such that the sum of the distance from any point of the ellipse to each focal point is equal to the length of its major axis, which brings us to our second quantities. The major and minor axes of an ellipse are its longest and shortest "diameter" respectively. To clear up any confusion, the line connecting both purple points in the picture…

The theory of special relativity states two postulates:

• the laws of physics are equal for every inertial observer,

• the speed of light is constant for all inertial observers.
  

Common sense tells us that the sum of two objects' speeds is calculated by simply adding them together. However, this naive assumption would break the second postulate of special relativity, resulting in the speed of light slowing down when an object moves in the same direction as a light beam. So, how do we derive the correct formula for adding speeds?

This is where linear transformations come into play.

In a two-dimensional space, eigenvectors are two vectors that do not change direction in a linear transformation.

This is going to be one of my more unique posts, since instead of talking about topics that are in Indonesia's national curriculum, I'll be talking about a specific math problem.

The integral of a function is the area below the function's curve. You could calculate an integral by summing small rectangles, which helps approximate the value of the integral. Although, what happens if we do it the other way? What if we used integrals to approximate the area of said rectangles?

Chapter I: Discrete summation and the sigma notation

Discrete summation is basically the opposite of continuous summation. An integral is a continuous summation, hence it deals with fractions and really small lengths or areas. Meanwhile, discrete summation deals with finite numbers, ones that we could measure or count.

The sigma notation is a way to represent summation. It has four main elements: the first term, the last term,…

A logarithm is an arithmetic operation in a three-way system: exponents, radicals, and logarithms. There are two ways to write a logarithm, which are logₐc and ᵃlogc. They mean the same thing, just with different notations.

If we take a as a base, b as its exponent, and c as its result; then c is defined as aᵇ, a as ᵇ√c, and b as logₐc. This is the definition of a logarithm!

There are, arguably, two basic identities of logarithms.

The first one is logₐ1 = 0. This comes from the fact that any real number to the power of 0 will always equal 1.

Secondly, logₐa = 1. This comes from the fact that any number to the power of 1 will always be equal to itself!

You may encounter two logarithms that aren't written with the typical notation: one with e or 10 as its base. These numbers…

Considering the highly positive feedback on my previous post (100% like ratio), I've decided to make a follow-up! ...or is it a follow-down, since this chapter precedes the previous one?

In 1820, Hans Christian Ørsted made a significant breakthrough in science. When he placed a compass near an electrical wire, the compass didn't point to north. It was then he discovered that there were magnetic fields around an electric current.

Soon after his discovery, Jean-Baptiste Biot and Félix Savart discovered an equation to calculate this magnetic fields. (The Biot–Savart law involves integrals and complicated notations, so I'm not writing it down here.)

In the late 19th century, Hendrik Lorentz derived an equation to calculate a force—which was aptly named Lorentz force—that acts on electric particles moving in a magnetic field. This force is perpendicular to the magnetic field and perpendicular to the object's velocity. The Lorentz force is calculated by…